Memorial Complex “Founders of the Bulgarian State” – Shumen, Bulgaria
Location: Shumen, Shumen Province, Northeastern Bulgaria
Type: Memorial Complex / Historical Monument / Bulgarian Heritage
Main Facts:
The Memorial Complex “Founders of the Bulgarian State” is one of the most striking monuments in Bulgaria. It stands on Ilchov Bair Hill, about 6 kilometres from Shumen, at an altitude of 450 metres. Furthermore, its high position gives visitors wide views over the city and the surrounding countryside.
The monument was created to mark the 1,300th anniversary of the foundation of Bulgaria. Construction began in August 1979, and the complex officially opened on 28 November 1981. As a result, it became one of the most important monuments built for this major national celebration.
The design was created by a large team led by the sculptor Professor Krum Damyanov. In addition, the project brought together sculptors, architects, artists, and engineers. Their work combines massive concrete forms with large sculptures, mosaics, inscriptions, and elements inspired by early Bulgarian art.
A Monument to Bulgaria’s First Rulers
The Memorial Complex tells the story of Bulgaria from the seventh to the tenth century. Six important rulers are represented in the monument: Asparuh, Tervel, Krum, Omurtag, Boris I, and Simeon I. Consequently, visitors can follow the development of the Bulgarian state through its early rulers.
Eight large concrete bodies rise from the hill and form the main structure of the monument. Their shape creates a rising spiral, symbolising the growth and strengthening of Bulgaria. Meanwhile, a large stone lion crowns the composition and represents the Bulgarian state.
The complex also includes a Proto-Bulgarian yurt, where visitors can learn more about the culture and traditions of early Bulgarians. In addition, the site offers guided tours in several languages. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for international visitors and organised tours.
One of the most impressive features is the monument’s scale. On a clear day, its silhouette can be seen from around 30 kilometres away. As a result, it has become one of the defining symbols of Shumen and the wider region.
Historical Importance:
The Memorial Complex was created to present the early history of Bulgaria in a powerful visual form. More importantly, it focuses on the period when the Bulgarian state was founded and became a major power in southeastern Europe.
The story begins with Khan Asparuh and the foundation of Bulgaria in 681. From there, the monument follows the achievements of later rulers. For example, Tervel played an important role in European history, while Krum and Omurtag strengthened the state and its institutions.
Later, Boris I introduced Christianity to Bulgaria, creating a major change in the country’s spiritual and cultural development. His successor, Simeon I, led Bulgaria during its famous Golden Age. Consequently, the monument presents these rulers as part of one long story of state building and cultural growth.
The complex itself has also become part of modern Bulgarian history. Since its opening in 1981, it has attracted visitors, school groups, historians, and travellers interested in Bulgaria’s past. Today, it remains one of the country’s most recognisable monumental works.
What to See:
- Monumental Sculptures of the Early Bulgarian Rulers
- Giant Concrete Structures
- Large Mosaic Panels
- Historical Inscriptions
- Lion Symbol of Bulgaria
- Proto-Bulgarian Yurt
- Panoramic Viewing Areas
- Memorial Exhibition
- Shumen Plateau Landscape
Best Time to Visit:
The Memorial Complex can be visited throughout the year. However, spring and autumn offer the most comfortable weather for exploring the monument and enjoying the views.
Furthermore, clear days are ideal because the surrounding landscape can be seen from the hilltop. During summer, an early morning or late afternoon visit is more pleasant because the monument is largely outdoors. Meanwhile, winter can create beautiful views across the countryside, although cold and windy conditions are possible. Therefore, spring and autumn are usually the best choices for a relaxed visit.
What to Visit Nearby:
- Shumen Fortress
- Tombul Mosque
- Regional Historical Museum – Shumen
- Madara Rider (UNESCO)
- Pliska National Historical and Archaeological Reserve
- Great Basilica of Pliska
- Great Preslav National Historical and Archaeological Reserve
- Park of Space and Aviation – Omurtag
Quick Travel Information:
The Memorial Complex “Founders of the Bulgarian State” is located around 6 kilometres from Shumen and is easily reached by road. Furthermore, Shumen is approximately 140 kilometres east of Veliko Tarnovo, making the monument suitable for a full-day excursion by car.
For travellers coming from Veliko Tarnovo, the complex works especially well as part of a wider historical route. In addition, you can combine it with the Madara Rider, Pliska, or Great Preslav. Consequently, a guided tour can make it possible to experience several of the most important sites connected with medieval Bulgarian history during the same trip.
The complex also has visitor facilities, including an information centre, restaurant, souvenir shop, video hall, and parking area. Therefore, it is well suited to organised tours as well as independent travellers.
Useful Links:
